They sleep on satin pillows, bark at windblown leaves, and insist on being carried like royal heirlooms — until a hadeda dares to land in their line of sight, and suddenly the Shih Tzu is off like a furry bolt of lightning!
Meet South Africa’s most gloriously spoiled — and gloriously self-important — dog. We all know one. That little tyrant who refuses to move when you need your seat back. That drama queen who side-eyes the thunder and snarls at the vacuum like it’s plotting treason. Adored, these pint-sized emperors have taken the country by storm. But beneath the bows, topknots, and diva struts lies a legacy as grand as any great dynasty.
From ancient Chinese palaces to modern-day Cape Town and Joburg patios, the Shih Tzu has marched across centuries with its nose high and its charm fully loaded. What makes this little lion such a big deal? Let’s unravel the silken threads of its history, heart, and highness.
Shih Tzu History: From Chinese Palace Dog to South African Favourite
Before they were lounging on floral couches and supervising Sunday roasts, Shih Tzus were sacred companions in the palaces of Chinese emperors. According to the American Kennel Club, Tibetan monks gifted these little lions to the Chinese imperial family as symbols of goodwill and peace. Their name, after all, means “lion dog” — and they were bred to resemble the guardian lions of Chinese mythology.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shih Tzus were bred within the Forbidden City and selectively guarded from outside influence. By the early 20th century, the breed faced extinction during the Chinese Communist Revolution. A group of 14 surviving dogs — 7 males and 7 females — became the foundation of all modern Shih Tzus globally, making today’s bloodlines particularly precious.
But even ancient royalty had paperwork problems. As outlined in The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds by Juliette Cunliffe, the Shih Tzu’s lineage was long confused with the Lhasa Apso and Pekingese. It wasn’t until 1930 that the breed was clearly defined in England, following centuries of being treasured — and occasionally misidentified — in temples and courts alike. Their job? Looking fabulous and being adored. In that, they still haven’t missed a beat.
Shih Tzu Breed Characteristics: Appearance, Size and Personality
The Shih Tzu’s royal reputation is sealed by its looks. With a plush double coat, round “butter wouldn’t melt” eyes, and a nose so short it practically vanishes, they are tailor-made for being admired. The average Shih Tzu stands no more than 26.7 cm and weighs between 4.5 and 8 kg — tiny enough to tuck under an arm, yet mighty enough to command an entire household.
According to the Kennel Union of Southern Africa (KUSA) breed standard, the Shih Tzu should be “sturdy, with good substance” and present “an arrogant carriage with head well up and tail curved over the back.” Their broad, round skull should be wide between the eyes, with a distinct stop and short, square muzzle no longer than 2.5 cm from stop to tip.
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Subject: Emotional Architecture
The Shih Tzu’s gentle nature isn’t just anecdotal — it’s in their wiring. They were bred not to herd or hunt, but simply to love and be loved. Their rounded, wide-set eyes and short, flat muzzle create a naturally soft expression that seems tuned to read human emotion. Studies on toy breeds show that Shih Tzus score high in sociability and affection-seeking, making them ideal companions for the elderly, children, and sensitive hearts.
Eyewitness Handbooks: Dogs by David Alderton describes them as “friendly and independent,” a paradox you’ll only understand after you’ve been cold-shouldered by one for daring to clip their fringe wrong. All coat colours are welcome in this breed, from gold and white to black, cream, liver and brindle, and many have the classic “chrysanthemum face” — with hair growing outwards like petals around the snout.
Shih Tzu Diet and Nutrition: What to Feed Your Shih Tzu
You don’t get a coat like that from eating pellets off the floor. Nutrition is key to keeping your Shih Tzu’s skin and fur looking lush. According to Royal Canin South Africa, Shih Tzus benefit from breed-specific kibble that’s easy to grasp with their short jaw and rich in nutrients like borage oil and DHA for coat and skin health.
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Subject: Small Dog, Big Digestive Feelings
Shih Tzus often have sensitive digestion, and they may skip meals if stressed, bored, or under-exercised. Don’t panic — it’s rarely rebellion. More often, it’s a soft stomach reacting to sudden changes. Stick to consistent feeding times, avoid rich human food, and speak to your vet if pickiness becomes persistent. When you tune in to their comfort, they usually tune back in to dinner.
Their small, brachycephalic heads mean they often struggle with regular-sized kibble, and their digestive systems can be sensitive. WikiHow recommends feeding adult Shih Tzus twice daily and steering clear of foods with fillers or artificial dyes. Think small, nutrient-dense meals — more caviar canape than braai buffet.
Meanwhile, PetMD warns that their small stature makes them prone to weight gain, so portion control is key, even when they give you that “but I’m fading away” side-glance from the kitchen doorway. Adult Shih Tzus require roughly 300–400 calories per day, depending on age, activity, and metabolism. Learn more about weight management here.
Shih Tzu Grooming Needs: Coat Care and Maintenance Tips
Being fabulous is hard work, and no one knows this like a Shih Tzu. Their dense coat requires daily brushing to prevent matting, especially around the ears, chest, and legs. The coat is double-layered — with a soft, insulating undercoat and a longer outer layer — meaning loose hairs get caught in tangles if not maintained.
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Subject: Coat Structure & Touch Sensitivity
A Shih Tzu’s coat is more than decorative — it’s tactile therapy. The long, flowing double coat is designed to respond to gentle grooming, and many Shih Tzus genuinely enjoy the process if introduced early. However, because they are so sensitive to touch and tone, grooming must always be calm, slow, and praise-filled. Rushed handling or loud environments can make them retreat. Grooming is a bonding moment, not a beauty sprint.
Many South African owners opt for a “puppy cut” — a shorter, more practical style that keeps the dog cooler in our climate and makes grooming more manageable for those without full-time stylists.
The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds notes that frequent eye cleaning is a must to prevent staining, and regular trims around the face help maintain their signature look — part teddy bear, part tiny aristocrat. Professional grooming every 4–6 weeks is typically recommended, especially for dogs in full coat.
Best Harnesses for Shih Tzus: Style Meets Safety on Every Walk
And let’s not forget their walking wardrobe. Beyond the cascading coat and freshly fluffed fringe, every Shih Tzu deserves to strut the block in gear that’s as functional as it is fabulous. A well-fitted, ultra-comfy dog harness isn’t just a style statement — it’s a must for those delicate necks and proud little chests. Collars tug, pull, and press on their sensitive windpipes, while a properly padded harness offers support, security, and, let’s be honest, a certain je ne sais paw. Whether it’s a soft pastel for the pampered prince or a jewel-tone number for the queen of the cul-de-sac, a stylish harness is the ultimate finishing touch to any Shih Tzu’s daily ensemble.
Why Shih Tzus Are So Popular in South Africa
From Randburg to Rondebosch, Shih Tzus have become icons in South African homes. They’re ideal for both apartment dwellers and families with small gardens. They don’t need much space — just someone to adore them and a cushion they can claim as their personal chaise longue.
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Subject:
A Lap for Every Lifestyle
Shih Tzus adapt beautifully to a wide range of homes because they care less about space and more about proximity. They don’t demand high-energy play — they want shared time, sofa cuddles, and daily companionship. For families with gentler rhythms — or anyone seeking a little quiet love in a loud world — the Shih Tzu delivers soft companionship with regal devotion.
They’re not just fluff and flair — they’re ranked among the top 20 most popular companion breeds in urban South Africa, especially in households with older children and retirees. Their low prey drive and gentle temperament make them suitable for multi-pet families, though early socialisation is key.
While they’re great with kids and other pets, they’re not pushovers. They’ll let you know when your timing is off, when dinner is late, or when you’ve failed to properly fluff their blanket.
Shih Tzu Health Problems and Lifespan: What Parents Need to Know
How Long Do Shih Tzus Live?
For all their princely charm and couch-hogging cuteness, Shih Tzus aren’t immune to health hiccups. So how long do Shih Tzus live? With proper care, the average Shih Tzu lifespan ranges from 10 to 16 years, making them one of the longer-living small dog breeds. Many South African Shih Tzus are thriving well into their teens thanks to attentive grooming, good nutrition, and regular vet visits.
Breathing Issues in Shih Tzus: Cute Face, Complicated Nose
But behind those sparkling eyes and wiggly noses lie a few medical quirks. One of the most common Shih Tzu health problems stems from their adorable flat faces. These dogs are brachycephalic, meaning they often suffer from Shih Tzu breathing issues like snoring, wheezing, or struggling in the heat. This condition, known as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), means it’s best to avoid strenuous walks on hot days and always use a harness instead of a collar to protect their sensitive windpipe.
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Subject: Breathing with Grace
The Shih Tzu’s adorable snub nose comes with responsibility. Because they are a brachycephalic breed, it’s crucial to avoid overexertion, especially in heat. But don’t treat them as fragile. With proper care — cool walks, soft harnesses, and elevated food bowls — many Shih Tzus live active, joyful lives with minimal respiratory trouble. Kindness and observation go further than bubble wrap.
Eye Problems in Shih Tzus: Big Eyes, Big Maintenance
Another frequent concern? Eye problems in Shih Tzus. Their large, prominent eyes are vulnerable to corneal ulcers, dry eye, and entropion (a condition where the eyelids roll inward). Gently wiping their eyes daily and keeping fur trimmed around the face can go a long way in preventing irritation and infections.
Shih Tzu Mobility Concerns: Wobbly Knees and Hip Hiccups
On the mobility side, luxating patella — where the kneecap shifts out of place — is relatively common, and even hip dysplasia can affect poorly bred Shih Tzus. Choosing a reputable breeder who screens for these issues is one of the best long-term health tips for Shih Tzu owners.
Ear Care for Shih Tzus: Floppy, Fluffy, and Sometimes Filthy!
Then there are those long, floppy ears — perfect for drama, not so perfect for airflow. They can trap moisture and lead to ear infections, especially in warm, humid regions. A weekly ear cleaning routine with a dog-safe solution helps keep them in tip-top shape. Read further with a complete guide to ear health.
Dental Care for Shih Tzus: Tiny Mouth, Big Tooth Trouble
And don’t forget about dental care for small dogs. Shih Tzus have petite mouths with tightly packed teeth, which makes them prone to plaque build-up and gum disease. Daily brushing, along with professional dental cleanings, is essential — not optional — to prevent painful tooth loss down the line.
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Subject: Gentle Dental for Delicate Mouths
Brushing can be tricky — and that’s okay. A Shih Tzu’s mouth is small, with tightly spaced teeth, so standard brushing isn’t always realistic. Never use a human toothbrush; instead, opt for pet-specific finger brushes or extra-small headed dog brushes. But brushing isn’t the only tool in your kit: water additives, enzyme-rich tooth gels, and dental treats (given consistently, not just as a reward) all contribute to cleaner teeth. A crunchy, kibble-based diet also helps reduce plaque buildup naturally. Gentle routines done regularly are more effective than wrestling matches once a month.
Keeping Your Shih Tzu Healthy: Pamper Smart, Not Just Pretty
Still, despite their quirks, Shih Tzus are hardy little companions when well cared for. With the right mix of pampering and proactive health care, they’ll rule your home — and your heart — for many joyful years.
Shih Tzu Temperament and Training Tips: Stubborn, Sweet, and Surprisingly Smart
What Is the Typical Temperament of a Shih Tzu?
Living with a Shih Tzu is a bit like negotiating with royalty. They hear you, understand you and may even love you. But that doesn’t mean they’ll do what you say — at least not right away. When it comes to Shih Tzu temperament, expect a delightful mix of affectionate lapdog and willful little emperor.
These dogs were bred to be companions, not workers, so their idea of a job is keeping your lap warm and occasionally inspecting the garden. They’re known for being gentle, loyal, and emotionally intuitive, often picking up on their owner’s mood and reacting with comforting snuggles or indignant side-eyes.
Are Shih Tzus Easy to Train?
But don’t let their small size fool you — this is a breed with a mind of its own. Shih Tzus can be stubborn, especially during training. They’re intelligent (no, really), but selective about when they choose to showcase it. Teaching commands like "sit" or "stay" is absolutely possible — but only if it’s done with positive reinforcement, treats, and a tone that doesn’t bruise their delicate pride.
House-Training and Socialising a Shih Tzu
House-training can also take time. Their small bladders and preference for comfort over cold grass mean puppy pads and patience are your best allies in the early months. Consistency is key, and drama is guaranteed.
Early socialisation is important, especially with larger dogs. Shih Tzus often have no idea how small they are, and will confidently march into a dog park like they’re head of security. Exposure to new people, pets, and environments will help them grow into confident — if slightly bossy — adults.
Mental Stimulation and Daily Enrichment for Shih Tzus
As for stimulation? A Shih Tzu needs short bursts of play, puzzle toys, and gentle walks, but they’re not demanding. Mentally, though, they thrive on interaction. Talk to them, play with them, involve them in daily life — or risk sulky stares from under the coffee table.
Final Thoughts on Training a Shih Tzu Puppy or Adult
In the end, training a Shih Tzu is less about domination and more about diplomacy. Win their trust, keep it fun, and don’t forget the snacks. After all, you’re not the boss — you’re the court jester. And if you’re lucky, you’ll earn a tail wag of royal approval.
Loving a Shih Tzu: Closing Thoughts on This Lion-Hearted Lapdog
Some dogs are bred to herd, others to hunt — the Shih Tzu was bred to be loved. And in South Africa, we’ve taken that job very seriously. Whether they’re scolding us with a sniff or melting us with a head tilt, Shih Tzus continue to wear their imperial past like a silk robe… with just a bit of local attitude stitched in. They may be small in size, but these dogs have a presence that lingers — in our hearts, on our furniture, and often in the exact spot we wanted to sit.
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Subject: Not Just a Pretty Face
Shih Tzus may be small, but their impact is large and lasting. Unlike high-octane breeds, they’re perfectly happy to be your emotional support sponge, listening ear, and bedtime foot warmer. Their presence isn’t loud — it’s anchoring. Their loyalty isn’t flashy — it’s felt in stillness. Don’t mistake softness for simplicity. They may just be the most emotionally intelligent fluffballs ever bred.
Sources:
- The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds by Juliette Cunliffe
- Eyewitness Handbooks: Dogs by David Alderton
- American Kennel Club: https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/shih-tzu-history/
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih_Tzu
- WikiHow: https://www.wikihow.com/Feed-Your-Shih-Tzu
- Royal Canin South Africa: https://www.royalcanin.com/za/dogs/products/retail-products/shih-tzu-adult-2200
- PetMD: https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/shih-tzu
- KUSA (Kennel Union of Southern Africa): https://www.kusa.co.za/