By Petworld PR Team | Science with a Smile & a Wag
Understanding Dog Allergies: What Really Causes the Reaction
For many South Africans, the dream of a hypoallergenic dog is strong—but so too are the sneezing, itching, and endless search for relief. Around 10% of people are allergic to dogs, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. But contrary to popular belief, it’s not the dog’s fur that’s triggering your allergy symptoms.
Dog allergies are caused by proteins found in a dog’s saliva, skin (dander), and urine. When dogs groom themselves or shed, these allergens are released into the environment and settle into carpets, couches, clothing—even public places. These allergy-causing proteins are known as Can f 1 through Can f 8. Some people are allergic to all dogs, while others only react to certain proteins.
According to the National Institutes of Health, individuals may be monosensitized (sensitive to one specific allergen) or polysensitized (sensitive to multiple allergens). This explains why someone with mild dog allergies might live comfortably with a Yorkshire Terrier but have a severe allergy flare-up when exposed to a Labrador Retriever.
The Myth of the Hypoallergenic Dog
Let’s set the record straight: no dog is truly hypoallergenic. The term “hypoallergenic dog” is widely used in marketing, but not in veterinary science. Research published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology shows that even so-called “hypoallergenic” breeds—such as Poodles and Labradoodles—can carry significant levels of the Can f 1 allergen on their coats.
Dr. Richard Lockey, MD, summed it up candidly:
“There is no such animal as a hypoallergenic dog.”
Still, some dog breeds may be more suitable for people with dog allergies, especially those that shed less, have tighter curls, or retain dander in their coats rather than dispersing it into the air. These lower-shedding dogs may not be truly hypoallergenic, but they often lead to fewer allergy symptoms for sensitive individuals.
Even within a breed labeled as “hypoallergenic,” allergen production varies from dog to dog. You might have no allergy issues with one Bichon Frisé, yet react strongly to another. This makes it essential for allergy sufferers to spend time with a specific dog before adopting, regardless of the breed's general reputation.
Hair vs Fur: Why Shedding Matters for Allergy Sufferers
Breeds that shed less are often easier for allergy-prone people to live with because less fur = fewer allergens floating around your home. Dogs with hair—like Poodles or Maltese—have continuously growing coats that trap dander and require regular grooming. This helps contain the allergens rather than dispersing them.
Dogs with fur—like Labradors or Beagles—have coats that grow to a certain length and then shed naturally. This kind of shedding distributes allergenic proteins everywhere: your bed, your couch, your clothes. As a result, hair-type breeds tend to be more suitable for allergy-sensitive households, though individual tolerance still plays a big role.
Best Low-Shedding Dog Breeds Available in South Africa
While no dog is 100% allergen-free, here are several breeds commonly found in South Africa that tend to shed less and may be easier for allergy sufferers to manage.
Poodle (Toy, Miniature, Standard)
Poodles are widely recognized for their intelligence, trainability, and hypoallergenic reputation. Their curly hair traps dander until it’s washed or brushed out, making them one of the most popular allergy-friendly breeds globally and in South Africa. Regular grooming is essential to keep their coat healthy and allergen levels low.
Maltese
Tiny but full of personality, the Maltese has a long, flowing coat that doesn’t shed much. It does require frequent brushing and grooming to keep it free of tangles and to control dander, but its small size means fewer allergens overall.
Schnauzer (Miniature and Standard)
Schnauzers are known for their wiry coats and bold personalities. They shed very little, making them a common choice for families with allergy concerns. Their coat does require professional grooming every few weeks to manage build-up of dander. Learn all about Schnauzers here.
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
This Irish breed has a single, silky coat that sheds minimally and doesn’t produce a strong doggy odour. Wheatens are friendly, energetic, and do best with regular grooming to keep their coat in shape and allergens under control.
Yorkshire Terrier
With hair more similar to humans than fur, Yorkies shed very little and are ideal for smaller homes. They need regular grooming but can be styled short for easier maintenance. A well-kept Yorkie can be a great choice for allergy-sensitive individuals.
Shih Tzu
Known for their sweet temperament and luxurious coats, Shih Tzus shed very little—provided their grooming schedule is maintained. These lap dogs do best with daily brushing and regular baths. Click here for more Shih Tzu info.
Bedlington Terrier
This unique-looking breed has a curly, wool-like coat that doesn’t shed much. Bedlingtons are loyal, gentle, and require professional grooming to avoid matting and dander build-up.
Irish Water Spaniel
This water-loving breed has dense curls that shed minimally. Their coats require regular care to prevent matting and distribute natural oils. They’re lively and smart but do best with owners who can meet their exercise and grooming needs.
Designer Dog Breeds and Allergy Considerations
No discussion of allergy-friendly dogs is complete without addressing the fast-growing category of Poodle mixes, also called Doodles or designer dogs. These hybrid breeds are bred for their personalities, looks, and in many cases, for their Poodle-derived coat, which is thought to be more allergy-tolerant. However, the science is mixed.
Here’s a look at popular Poodle mixes commonly seen in South Africa, and what allergy sufferers should know:
Labradoodle (Labrador x Poodle)
Initially bred for allergy sufferers, Labradoodles vary greatly in coat type. Some inherit the Poodle’s tight curls, while others shed more like a Lab. Allergic individuals should meet the dog in person before committing.
Cavapoo (Cavalier King Charles Spaniel x Poodle)
Cavapoos are affectionate and often low-shedding, especially if they inherit the Poodle coat. However, Cavaliers are not hypoallergenic, so allergen levels may vary significantly.
Schnoodle (Schnauzer x Poodle)
Combining two low-shedding breeds, the Schnoodle often inherits the hypoallergenic traits of both. Their coat can range from soft waves to tight curls, and grooming needs depend on coat type.
Maltipoo (Maltese x Poodle)
Small and affectionate, Maltipoos tend to shed very little and are often compatible with allergy sufferers—though dander is still present.
Cockapoo (Cocker Spaniel x Poodle)
This classic designer breed is popular for its playful personality. Shedding levels can vary widely depending on coat type, and Cocker Spaniels are not hypoallergenic, so results are mixed.
Shih-poo (Shih Tzu x Poodle)
With both parent breeds being low-shedding, Shih-poos tend to be allergy-friendlier than many hybrids. However, coat care is important to keep allergens under control.
Yorkipoo (Yorkshire Terrier x Poodle)
These tiny dogs are often low-shedding and are gaining popularity in South Africa. Their coats can vary from silky to curly, with minimal allergen dispersal.
Goldendoodle (Golden Retriever x Poodle)
Much like Labradoodles, Goldendoodles can inherit coat traits from either parent. Some are low-shedding, but others may not be allergy-friendly at all. Best to test for compatibility before adopting.
Key takeaway: Poodle mixes are not guaranteed to be hypoallergenic. Coat type can differ even within the same litter, so allergy-sensitive families should always spend time with the dog before adoption and consult a breeder with experience in managing for low-shedding traits.
Vet-Approved Tips to Minimise Allergens in Your Home
Even if you choose a low-shedding breed, allergens are part of the deal. But you can manage them effectively with a few simple habits recommended by veterinary experts:
- Bathe your dog monthly to wash away allergen proteins on the coat
- Brush your dog regularly to control hair and dander
- Wipe down your dog with a damp cloth after outdoor walks to remove pollen and mold particles
- Keep your dog’s coat trimmed short to reduce hair buildup indoors
- Have your vet express anal glands regularly, as they can be an unexpected allergen source
- Use HEPA filters and clean floors and furniture frequently to reduce allergen spread
For more info on how to brush and bath your doggo, please click here.
Final Thoughts: Can Allergy Sufferers Really Own Dogs?
Absolutely. While there’s no magic solution, understanding the science behind dog allergies empowers you to make the right decision for your health—and your heart.
At Petworld, we believe no one should have to choose between comfort and companionship. By selecting a low-shedding breed, working closely with your vet, and maintaining your home well, you can live happily with a dog—even if you have allergies.
Visit your nearest Petworld store or browse our online listings to find allergy-friendly breeds, grooming services, and expert advice. Your perfect pup is waiting—sneeze-free cuddles and all.
Sources and References
- VCA Hospitals. Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds: Is There Such a Thing? https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds-is-there-such-a-thing
- AMCNY. The Truth About Hypoallergenic Pets and How to Reduce Pet Allergens. https://www.amcny.org/blog/2024/04/03/the-truth-about-hypoallergenic-pets-and-how-to-reduce-pet-allergens/
- JACI. Can f 1 levels in hair and homes of different dog breeds. https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(12)01380-2/fulltext
- NIH PubMed. Hypoallergenic Animals: Myth or Reality? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10975736/
- Hill’s Pet. Best Dogs for Allergy Sufferers. https://www.hillspet.co.za/dog-care/behavior-appearance/best-dogs-for-people-with-allergies
- Purina South Africa. Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds. https://www.purina.co.za/find-a-pet/articles/dog-types/fur-type/hypoallergenic-dog-breeds
- SweepSouth. Best Hypoallergenic Dogs That Don’t Shed. https://sweepsouth.com/blog/best-hypoallergenic-dog-breeds-that-dont-shed/
